光学（optics）是物理学的重要分支学科。也是与光学工程技术相关的学科。狭义来说，光学是关于光和视见的科学，optics词早期只用于跟眼睛和视见相联系的事物。而常说的光学是广义的，是研究从微波、红外线、可见光、紫外线直到X射线和γ射线的宽广波段范围内的电磁辐射的产生、传播、接收和显示，以及与物质相互作用的科学，着重研究的范围是从红外到紫外波段。它是物理学的一个重要组成部分。
光学是研究光的行为和性质的物理学科。光是一种电磁波，在物理学中，电磁波由电动力学中的麦克斯韦方程组来描述；同时，光具有波粒二象性，光的粒子性则需要用量子力学来描述。
Optics is an important sub-discipline of physics. It is also a discipline related to optical engineering technology. In a narrow sense, optics is the science of light and vision, and the word optics was used only in the early days for things related to the eye and vision. Optics is often said to be broad, and it is a science that studies the generation, propagation, reception and display of electromagnetic radiation in a wide range of wavelengths from microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet rays to X-rays and γ rays, as well as the interaction with matter, focusing on the research range from infrared to ultraviolet wavelengths. It is an important part of physics.
Optics is the physical discipline that studies the behavior and properties of light. Light is an electromagnetic wave, and in physics, electromagnetic waves are described by Maxwell's equations in electrodynamics; At the same time, light has wave-particle duality, and the particle nature of light needs to be described by quantum mechanics.
